The Open Boat Essay -- Literary Analysis, Stephen Crane

When it came night, the white waves passed to and fro in the moonlight, and the wind brought the sound of the great seas give tongue to to the men on the shore, and they felt they could then be interpreters (Crane 370). The Open Boat, written by Stephen Crane, describes the journey of four men stranded in a jack salmon in the middle of the ocean and the hardships that had to be faced in order to survive. This story is not only a riveting story, keeping readers on the butt on of their seat, but the story also makes the reader realize how precious animation truly is. Sometimes people have a tendency to take life as a grain of salt and do not think ab erupt the realization that life can be taken away inwardly the blink of an eye. As in The Open Boat, the crew members learned they could not survive alone, and their only option was to work together as a team. We ingest to have that same perspective toward our everyday life when we, or soul we see, are struggling.The Captain is a m ajor character in the story, and his character holds the separate crew members heads up keeping them motivated during times of distress. He was the captain on the original boat, but after the boat sank, he become hurt and could not physically participate in keeping the dinghy afloat. In the beginning, the captain feels that he has lost his sense of direction due to not organism used to letting others take charge. Without his sense of authority intact, he feels disconnected from the world, and his spirit becomes dismantled. However, since he was not able to contribute in the way he preferred, he led the way by giving specific instructions to the other characters in order to keep the dinghy afloat. Every member on the boat follows his directions. He commands very respectably. This... ...ibing two different qualities that is being used together in the same statement.In summary, The Open Boat is a extremely intriguing story that can not only be read for pure enjoyment, but it also h as a moral to the story. No matter where psyche comes from in life, whether someone is the richest or the poorest person on Earth, he or she should always make sure to make it a point to look out for someone and have their back when they are struggling. By looking out for each other, simply as they did in The Open Boat, they created strong everlasting friendships. If someone is being looked out for by someone else, then that person will make a point to return the favor as well. Life is just like the ocean. We might have our ups and our downs, but life never changes. The only thing that will affect the outcome of our lives is the perspective that we put toward our life.

Objectification of Women in The House of Mirth Essay -- House Mirth Es

Objectification of Women in The House of Mirth Edith Whartons The House of Mirth is an affront to the false social values of fashionable raw York society. The heroine is Lily Bart, a woman who is destroyed by the very society that produces her. Lily is well-born but poor. The story traces the decline of Lily as she moves through a series of living residences, from houses to hotel lodgings. Lily lives in a New York society where appearances are all. Women have a decorative function in such an environment, and even her name, Lily, suggests she is a flower of femininity, i.e. an object of typewriter ribbon as well as of desirability to the male element. We see this is very true once Lilys bloom fades, as it were, a time when she is cast excursus by her peers no longer being useful as something to admire on the surface. The theme of the novel in this aspect is that identity based on mere appearance is not enough to sustain the human soul physically or metaphysically. Once she is no longer able to keep the sum of her peers, Lily finds herself with no identity and dies. This analysis will discuss the theme of the objectification of women in a male dominated society inherent throughout the novel. Lily Bart and her bring have been socially ruined in a sense because of the economic failures of their father and husband respectfully. However, Lilys mother teaches her that she can still maintain a full(prenominal) social status if she marries well, i.e. a rich man. In fact, Lilys mother is known for making the most out of the least as she is famous for the unlimited deed she produced on limited means (Wharton 48). In a society where women are considered valuable only for the appearance they present, it is impossible f... ...vel could possibly be that women are commodified from the place of birth to the grave and that never in a male dominated society will they ever be fully appreciated as separate entities with self-colored identities equal and separate from m ales. WORKS CITED Restuccia, F. L. The Name of the Lily Edith Whartons Feminism(s). The House of Mirth Case Studies in Contemporary Criticism. Benstock, S. (ed.). New York, Bedford Books, 1994, 404-418. Robinson, L. S. The Traffic in Women A Cultural followup of The House of Mirth. The House of Mirth Case Studies in Contemporary Criticism. Benstock, S. (ed.). New York, Bedford Books, 1994, 340-58. Wharton, E. The House of Mirth. New York, Bedford Books, 1994. 2

Carrie and Columbine: American Gothic :: essays research papers fc

     Carrie, by Stephen King, and the Columbine High School Incident looked at separately, they are to things that have nothing to do with each other. Carrie was Stephen Kings first major novel and a New York Times bestseller. Columbine was and incident in Colorado that happened in 1999, where two high school seniors orchestrate a bloody massacre at their high school. The two events occurred over twenty-five years apart, but when juxtaposed we can see galore(postnominal) similarities mingled with the book ant the incident, the fact that they are Gothic in nature in particular.     Gothic Literature is a literary style made fashionable during the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the nineteenth . This style usually portrayed fantastic tales dealing with horror, despair, the grotesque and other " apparition" subjects. Gothic literary works was named for the apparent influence of the dark gothic architecture of the period on the genre. Also, many of these Gothic tales took places in such "gothic" surroundings, sometimes a dark and stormy castle as shown in Mary Shellys Frankenstein, or Bram Stokers infamous Dracula. These stories were romances, due to their love of the imaginary over the logical. Gothic literature gave birth to many other causes, such as suspense, ghost stories, horror, mystery, and also detective stories. Gothic literature wasnt so different from other genres in form as it was in content and its focus on the "weird" aspects of life. This movement began to slowly open may peoples eyes to the possible uses of the supernatural in literature.      This brings us to the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Here we see the emergence of writers such as Edgar Allen Poe and Nathaniel Hawthorne. These writers employ the gothic format in their writing but tweaked the traditional form to start a new style with an American twist, hence, American Gothic. These stories of darkness occur in a more everyday setting, such as the quaint house where the man goes mad from the "beating" of his guilt in Edgar Allan Poes The Tell-Tale Heart and the quaint little village in Shirley Jacksons The lottery. The stories often involved farms and farmers and besides having a surprise twist at the end, usually some form of mass murder or death, they also used dark humor had and underlying theme, such as religion and social order.      As we move even further down the timeline, we come across new-age gothic writers.

The Great Gatsby: The Sympathetic Readers Essay -- Great Gatsby Essays

The Great Gatsby The harmonic ReadersYou can easily become very sympathetic to a piece by how the causality portrays him or her in a story. In The Great Gatsby the main character is an ostentatious bootlegger who pines for one thing, a married woman. Somehow, the author swindles the reviewer into cosmos sympathetic for Gatsby end-to-end the entire novel. Fitzgerald makes the reader compassionate by showing how Gatsby had extravagant parties for anyone who wanted to come, how he struggled to get ahead in life, and how he endeavored for Daisys love. Gatsby had an profligate and lavish companionship almost every night. His house was full of deal, some of whom he had never met before. I believe that on the first night I went to Gatsbys house I was one of the few guests who had actually been invited. People were non invited - they went there. (45) Some may think Gatsby was just trying to swagger. However, if this was the circumstance he would curb just invited the people he wa nted to show off to. To hold these prodigal parties Gatsby may surrender obtained money from racketeering but he lock away used it appropriately. He had dignified caterers, brilliant and luminous lights, scrumptious and exquisite food, and a grand orchestra at all of his parties. Gatsby let people have a great prison term at his expense. I like to come, one guest said. I never care what I do, so I always have a trade good time. When I was here last a I tore my gown on a chair, and he (Gatsby) asked me my name and address-inside of a calendar week I got a package from Croiriers with a new evening gown in it. This incident was not even Gatsbys fault, but he was kind teeming to pay for a brand new, exorbitant dress. Despite Gatsbys ex... ...sby fabricated that he had been the one driving the car. He waited outside Daisys house just to make sure Tom didnt slander Daisy. The dictionary defines great as an adjective that means remarkable in magnitude, degree, or effectiveness, f ull of emotion, eminent, distinguished, grand, markedly superior in character or quality, noble, unmistakably skilled, marked by enthusiasm, used as a generalized term of approval. All of these terms together though can not adequately absorb Gatsby. Nick declares, Theyre a rotten crowd. Youre worth the whole damn bunch put together. Nick vocally expresses his admiration for The Great Gatsby. The reader is compelled to agree, conjuring up all of the sentiments of the very definitions of great. Despite some of the methods and antics utilized by Gatsby, in the end we all became sympathetic readers. The Great Gatsby The Sympathetic Readers Essay -- Great Gatsby Essays The Great Gatsby The Sympathetic ReadersYou can easily become very sympathetic to a character by how the author portrays him or her in a story. In The Great Gatsby the main character is an ostentatious bootlegger who pines for one thing, a married woman. Somehow, the author swindles the reader into being sympathetic for Gatsby throughout the entire novel. Fitzgerald makes the reader compassionate by showing how Gatsby had extravagant parties for anyone who wanted to come, how he struggled to get ahead in life, and how he endeavored for Daisys love. Gatsby had an exuberant and lavish party almost every night. His house was full of people, some of whom he had never met before. I believe that on the first night I went to Gatsbys house I was one of the few guests who had actually been invited. People were not invited - they went there. (45) Some may think Gatsby was just trying to swagger. However, if this was the circumstance he would have just invited the people he wanted to show off to. To hold these prodigal parties Gatsby may have obtained money from racketeering but he still used it appropriately. He had dignified caterers, brilliant and luminous lights, scrumptious and exquisite food, and a grand orchestra at all of his parties. Gatsby let people have a great time at his expense . I like to come, one guest said. I never care what I do, so I always have a good time. When I was here last a I tore my gown on a chair, and he (Gatsby) asked me my name and address-inside of a week I got a package from Croiriers with a new evening gown in it. This incident was not even Gatsbys fault, but he was kind enough to pay for a brand new, exorbitant dress. Despite Gatsbys ex... ...sby fabricated that he had been the one driving the car. He waited outside Daisys house just to make sure Tom didnt aggrieve Daisy. The dictionary defines great as an adjective that means remarkable in magnitude, degree, or effectiveness, full of emotion, eminent, distinguished, grand, markedly superior in character or quality, noble, remarkably skilled, marked by enthusiasm, used as a generalized term of approval. All of these terms together though can not adequately describe Gatsby. Nick declares, Theyre a rotten crowd. Youre worth the whole damn bunch put together. Nick vocally expresses his admiration for The Great Gatsby. The reader is compelled to agree, conjuring up all of the sentiments of the very definitions of great. Despite some of the methods and antics utilized by Gatsby, in the end we all became sympathetic readers.

The Social Benefits of Mass Communication Essays -- Mass Media Mass Co

The Social Benefits of Mass Communication Mass communications, like anything for humans, has its advantages and disadvantages, merely mass media has far more advantages to offer the world. From taking you to a far off land to teaching you about the intricacies of the life inside a colony of ants, to surfing the Internet for a new chat group to join, we learn and experience things and events that no humans ever before in history take for experienced through this miracle we call mass media. This paper will explore the multifaceted and unique areas of the publics perception of mass media, the educational judge of the media, and the Internet as a new mass medium. The public has always had an interesting relationship with mass media because it is the public that is breaths life into this organism called the mass media machine. From the earliest time periods in human history mass media was communicated through word of mouth, and it was that very relationship that spawned s mall township gossip in the middle ages , where breeding like what the local lord was doing and if he was hanging anyone that week for insubordination. Word of mouth continued until the invention of the printing press in 1436 when the news of the town could be told and recorded forever. A present-day survey taken about what the publics view on the media is from the article, Who Do You Trust and Why?, by Joe Saltzman says that ... the publics use and view of its media, shows that word of mouth is less trusted than CNN, public television news, local television news, and prime-time TV news magazines. intelligence activity anchors Americans see on television are considered more reliable as sources of accurate information than personal acquaintances (par 3). This ... ...ve all made impacts on who we are as humans and what we will become in the future as we progress through the ages. Hopefully mass media will last several(prenominal) more hundred years being that mass media is only f airly recent when human history is considered.Works CitedGabler, Neal. The Net-Setters. The Los Angeles Times 27 June 1999 3 pgs. 22 March 2000 Online Proquest.Hogan, Majorie, Media Education. Pediatrics Aug. 1999 22 March 2000 Online Proquest.Huston, Aletha C. Television and the Informational and Educational Needs of Children.Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science May 1998 9-23.22 March 2000 Online Proquest.Saltzman, Joe. Why Do You Trust and Why. USA Today Jan. 2000 p. 59 22 March2000 Online Infotrac.Survey Asks Young Adults About Media Use. The Quill Jan. 2000 p. 7 22 March 2000Online Infotrac.

The Social Benefits of Mass Communication Essays -- Mass Media Mass Co

The Social Benefits of Mass Communication Mass communications, like anything for humans, has its advantages and disadvantages, but big bucks media has far more advantages to offer the world. From fetching you to a far off land to teaching you about the intricacies of the life inside a colony of ants, to surfing the Internet for a new babble group to join, we learn and experience things and events that no humans ever before in history have experienced through this miracle we call piling media. This topic will explore the multifaceted and unique areas of the publics perception of pot media, the educational value of the media, and the Internet as a new mass medium. The public has always had an interesting relationship with mass media because it is the public that is breaths life into this organism called the mass media machine. From the earliest time periods in human history mass media was communicated through say of mouth, and it was that very relationship that spawn ed small town gossip in the middle ages , where information like what the local lord was doing and if he was wall hanging anyone that week for insubordination. Word of mouth continued until the invention of the printing press in 1436 when the news of the town could be told and recorded forever. A present-day check over taken about what the publics view on the media is from the article, Who Do You Trust and Why?, by Joe Saltzman says that ... the publics use and view of its media, shows that word of mouth is less trusted than CNN, public telly news, local television news, and prime-time TV news magazines. News anchors Americans see on television are considered more reliable as sources of accurate information than personal acquaintances (par 3). This ... ...ve all made impacts on who we are as humans and what we will receive in the future as we progress through the ages. Hopefully mass media will last several more hundred years being that mass media is only fairly recent when hu man history is considered.Works CitedGabler, Neal. The Net-Setters. The Los Angeles Times 27 June 1999 3 pgs. 22 March 2000 Online Proquest.Hogan, Majorie, Media Education. Pediatrics Aug. 1999 22 March 2000 Online Proquest.Huston, Aletha C. video recording and the Informational and Educational Needs of Children.Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science May 1998 9-23.22 March 2000 Online Proquest.Saltzman, Joe. Why Do You Trust and Why. regular army Today Jan. 2000 p. 59 22 March2000 Online Infotrac.Survey Asks Young Adults About Media Use. The Quill Jan. 2000 p. 7 22 March 2000Online Infotrac.

Guns Germs and Steel summary

Europeans had an advantage over the Native Americans. They had the horses and the guns. Guns played a major(ip) role in the success of the Europeans. Guns not only aided in overthrowing the Native Americans, but also aided in keeping the Europeans alive by allowing them to hunt and gather food. Horses also played a huge role. They made battle and travel easier. Over time, the use of animals began advancing. Animals provided warmth and lolls.They aided in warfare as well by providing transportation for those fighting and also for transportation of foods and other goods. Animals were a major tool in the farming of land. This allowed for the technological clear of going from hunter- gatherers to food producer. This advance increased the crop yields, which allowed for an increase in population. Food production and larger populations favored more rapid technological development. bulk began inventing things Just out of curiosity or even to take up a new hobby.Many Native tribes, such as the Navajo, began adapting the European use of dyes for weaving. nigh tribes also took up ranching. A big technological advance was writing. The Europeans created a writing system, which would allow the transmission of knowledge across the land. Writing allowed long outdistance communication among the Europeans. It was the new technological advance that changed their lives for the better. They could write to someone a ways away without they, themselves, having to be there.Writing also yielded communication and record keeping of accepted events. The next advance was the organization of societal roles. Bands and Tribes had egalitarian governments with Informal leadership and no real structure to conflict resolution. Chiefdoms Justify kleptomaniac and have a concentrate form of conflict resolution. States have a centralized government with many levels of bureaucracy. States are good at developing weapons and providing troops. Egalitarian governments with informal leadership and no real structure to conflict.

Phineas Gage Paper Essay

There are many cognitive functions that the oral sex performs on a daily basis. People can survive with traumatic soul injuries or strokes and still function to a point. The brain is an amazing organ that can be resilient and bounce back from brain injuries due to an disaster or stroke, depending on which areas of the brain are affected. If certain areas of the brain are affected so the person could lose the king to see, speak, remember, function, or even die. A persons brain continues to change and develop throughout their lifetime, even if parts of the brain become necrotic due to dementia and other disorders.The best known case of how a person can survive and have a comparatively normal life after a brain crack was Phineas crazy weed. His history is an amazing one that is hard to believe. There are several parts of the brain that are responsible for the cognitive functions. One part of the brain that is responsible for cognitive functions is the amygdala. The amygdala is a n almond shaped set of nuclei that control emotions such as fear, disgust, anger, and even pleasure. The amygdala is also responsible for what memories that the brain stores.For this reason, if the amygdala is damaged, therefore a person might lose their ability to control their temper, or the ability to remember their childhood. A nonher part of the brain that is responsible for cognitive function is the Wernickes area and the Brocas region. Both of these regions are named for the person who discovered them. They both are responsible for speech and how we talk. It is also involved in how a person understands written and spoken language. For this reason, if a person sustains damage to either of these areas, then they could lose the ability to speak or understand words that are spoken to them or written words.The story of Phineas Gage is the most famous story of how neuroscience plays a part in a persons survival. Back in 1848, in Cavendish, Vermont, Phineas Gage was a construction foreman working on a railroad bed when he was loading a hole in the ground with explosives. He was stuffing the explosives into the hole with a tampering push when they went off and the forty-three inch long, thirteen pound tampering iron went through his left cheek and throughout his brain and out of the back of his skull.The accident affected his frontlet lobe of his brain and stories have indicated that he was never the same again. He became blind in his left eye. He spent ten weeks in the hospital under the care of Doctor John Harlow and then was sent home (Unknown, 2010). Harlow observed Gage the entire ten weeks. He was unable to truss a foremans job again. Unfortunately, his recovery was not a complete success. The once likable and friendly man became fitful, irreverent, and grossly profane. He worked scratchy jobs from that time until his death in 1860 from seizures due to his injury.Harlow wrote that he was never the same after his injury and that the balance between his intellectual faculties and animal propensities seemed gone. He could not stick to plans, uttered the grossest profanity, and showed little deference for his fellows (Twomey, 2010). The reason that the case of Phineas Gage became so popular and famous was because it was the first case of its kind where brain injury and personality changes correlated and became prominent in the field of neuroscience. This was the first case where it was proven that brain injuries can affect how a person acts in their behaviors.Gage sustained damage to the frontal lobe of the brain and Dr. Harlow even claims that Gage never lost consciousness due to his injury. After his death, Dr. Harlow had Gages body exhumed and canvas both the skull and the tampering iron before donating both to the Warren Anatomical Museum for display. This was after he authored reports of the case of Phineas Gage. There have been increasingly more cases of traumatic Brain Injuries causing damage to the brain, especially in the past decade of the war in the Middle East.These injuries are paving the way for the world of cognitive psychology and neuroscience for how to treat the damage to the brain. The most famous case so far in history has been the case of Phineas Gage. He proved that the damage to the frontal lobe can affect how a person acts and their behaviors. With the technology that is becoming available, we should be able to make more and more strides in the subject of brain injuries. hopefully someday, we can find how to treat these brain injuries from accidents and strokes and possibly cure them.

Medicine and Law Essay

On February 11, 2003, the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that the State of Arkansas could force conclusion row captive Charles Laverne Singleton to take major tranquilizer drugs to make him sane enough to execute. Singleton was to be executed for felony capital murder only if became insane while in prison. Medicine is suppositious to heal people, not prep ar them for execution of instrument a law that asks bear ons to make people well so that the judicature can eradicate them is an absurd law, said David Kaczynski, the executive film director of New Yorkers Against the Death Penalty. There are many arguments in this passage. The first argument is this passage is medicine is supposed to heal people, not prepare them for execution. The premise is medicine is supposed to heal people, not prepare them for execution and the conclusion is medicine shouldnt efface people. The second argument in this passage is a law that asks doctors to make people well so that the governm ent can pull down them in an absurd law. The premise is a law that asks doctors to make people well to kill them and the conclusion is the law is absurd. This passage depicts many issues occurring in America today. Although, the prisoner Charles Laverne Singleton was convicted to the death penalty, utilise doctors and medicine to execute him is wrong. Medicine was created to heal people from disease and prevent illness. Doctors became physicians to support people, save lives, and educate individuals to increase their quality of life. When doctors graduated from medical civilise they took an oath to help save lives. Participating in an execution goes against the laws medical ethics and everything a physician stands for. Arguments for this passage may include the amount of coin it takes to keep the prisoner in jail, lethal injection is a less violent way of execution, and a doctor is the most able person to maintain a lethal injection. Although, keeping convicts in jail costs a lot of tax payers dollars, there are other ways to execute the individuals on death row. The lethal injection might be less violent however it doesnt make it the beau ideal method to kill. Doctors are the most qualified to give a lethal injection yet there are not the most qualified to murder. The ending also puts prison doctors in a position that challenges ethics. Doctors have to ask themselves Is it better to provide care for death row inmates patients, because everyone deserves competent care and justification from unnecessary suffering? Does it degrade the improveprofession to use ones medical skills to prepare a person for execution? The government wants to kill the individuals on death row but they dont want to do it themselves. Asking a doctor to dirty their hands results in the government keeping their hands clean. More question has to be done to find new methods to execute these death row convicts. Medicine and doctors should not be the delegacy to kill anyone. The Code of Ethics states that a physician should never be compelled to participate in the process of establishing a prisoners competence or be involved with treatment of an incompetent, condemned prisoner if such activity is contrary to the physicians personal beliefs 9.On February 11, 2003, the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that the State of Arkansas could force death row prisoner Charles Laverne Singleton to take antipsychotic drugs to make him sane enough to execute. Singleton was to be executed for felony capital murder but became insane while in prison. Medicine is supposed to heal people, not prepare them for execution a law that asks doctors to make people well so that the government can kill them is an absurd law, said David Kaczynski, the executive director of New Yorkers Against the Death Penalty. There are many arguments in this passage. The first argument is this passage is medicine is supposed to heal people, not prepare them for execution. The premise is medicine is supposed to heal people, not prepare them for execution and the conclusion is medicine shouldnt kill people. The second argument in this passage is a law that asks doctors to make people well so that the government can kill them in an absurd law. The premise is a law that asks doctors to make people well to kill them and the conclusion is the law is absurd. This passage depicts many issues occurring in America today. Although, the prisoner Charles Laverne Singleton was convicted to the death penalty, using doctors and medicine to execute him is wrong. Medicine was created to heal people from disease and prevent illness. Doctors became physicians to support people, save lives, and educate individuals to increase their quality of life. When doctors graduated from medical school they took an oath to help save lives. Participating in an execution goes against the laws medical ethics and everything a physician stands for. Arguments for this passageway may includethe amount of money it takes to keep the prisoner in jail, lethal injection is a less violent way of execution, and a doctor is the most qualified person to give a lethal injection. Although, keeping convicts in jail costs a lot of tax payers dollars, there are other ways to execute the individuals on death row. The lethal injection might be less violent however it doesnt make it the ideal method to kill. Doctors are the most qualified to give a lethal injection yet there are not the most qualified to murder. The decision also puts prison doctors in a position that challenges ethics. Doctors have to ask themselves Is it better to provide care for death row inmates patients, because everyone deserves competent care and protection from unnecessary suffering? Does it degrade the healing profession to use ones medical skills to prepare a person for execution? The government wants to kill the individuals on death row but they dont want to do it themselves. Asking a doctor to dirty their hands results in the g overnment keeping their hands clean. More research has to be done to find new methods to execute these death row convicts. Medicine and doctors should not be the means to kill anyone. The Code of Ethics states that a physician should never be compelled to participate in the process of establishing a prisoners competence or be involved with treatment of an incompetent, condemned prisoner if such activity is contrary to the physicians personal beliefs 9.

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The genius and spinal cord argon made up of many carrells, including neurons and glial cells. Neurons ar cells that send and receive electro-chemical signals to and from the brain and nervous system. There are about 100 billion neurons in the brain. There are many more glial cells they provide support functions for the neurons, and are far more numerous than neurons. There are many type of neurons. They vary in size from 4 microns (. 004 mm) to 100 microns (. 1 mm) in diameter. Their continuance varies from a fraction of an inch to several feet.Neuronsare center cells that transmit nerve signals to and from the brain at up to 200 mph. The neuron consists of acell body (or soma)with branchingdendrites(signal receivers) and a projection called anaxon, which conduct the nerve signal. At the other end of the axon, theaxon terminalstransmit the electro-chemical signal across asynapse(the go between the axon terminal and the receiving cell). The word neuron was coined by the German s cientist Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried von Waldeyer-Hartz in 1891 (he also coined the term chromosome).Theaxon, a long extension of a nerve cell, and take information away from the cell body. Bundles of axons are known as nerves or, within the CNS (central nervous system), as nerve tracts or pathways. Dendrites fetch information to the cell body. Myelincoats and insulates the axon (except for periodic breaks called nodes of Ranvier), increasing transmission speed along the axon. Myelin is manufactured by Schwanns cells, and consists of 70-80% lipids (fat) and 20-30% protein.Thecell body (soma)contains the neurons nitty-gritty (with DNA and typical nuclear organelles). Dendrites branch from the cell body and receive messages. A typical neuron has about 1,000 to 10,000 synapses (that is, it communicates with 1,000-10,000 other neurons, muscle cells, glands, etc. ). distinguishable TYPES OF NEURONS There are different types of neurons. They all carry electro-chemical nerve signals, but differ in structure (the number of processes, or axons, emanating from the cell body) and are name in different parts of the body. Sensory neurons or Bipolar neuronscarry messages from the bodys sense receptors (eyes, ears, etc. ) to the CNS. These neurons have two processes. Sensory neuron account for 0. 9% of all neurons. (Examples are retinal cells, olfactory epithelium cells. ) * Motoneurons or Multipolar neuronscarry signals from the CNS to the muscles and glands. These neurons have many processes originating from the cell body. Motoneurons account for 9% of all neurons. (Examples are spinal motor neurons, pyramidal neurons, Purkinje cells. * Interneurons or Pseudopolare (Spelling) cellsform all the neural wiring within the CNS. These have two axons (instead of an axon and a dendrite). One axon communicates with the spinal cord one with either the skin or muscle. These neurons have two processes. (Examples are dorsal root ganglia cells. ) LIFE SPAN OF NEURONS Unlike almost o ther cells, neurons cannot regrow after damage (except neurons from the hippocampus). Fortunately, there are about 100 billion neurons in the brain. GLIAL CELLS Glial cells make up 90 percent of the brains cells.Glial cells are nerve cells that dont carry nerve impulses. The various glial (meaning glue) cells perform many important functions, including digestion of parts of dead neurons, manufacturing myelin for neurons, providing personal and nutritional support for neurons, and more. Types of glial cells include Schwanns Cells, Satellite Cells,Microglia, Oligodendroglia, and Astroglia. Neuroglia (meaning nerve glue) are the another type of brain cell. These cells guide neurons during fetal development.

High School vs College Essay

Upon witnessing college for a semester and a half, I have found that I enjoy existence a college scholar more(prenominal) than being a high schooldaysing student. In the time that i have been in college, I have seen that more freedom is allowed to students in college than in high school. Such choices as the n champion taking, the environment, or class selection argon a few examples of how college is less restricting than high school. Because of the educational freedom and having more control all over my education, I find being a college student more enjoyable than being a high school student.In high school, the classes that students guard appear to be easy. They seem easy because when a person is in high school, he/she lav just brush effects off. For example, if soulfulness does not pay attention and does not do any(prenominal)thing for the entire class period, he/she can copy someone elses notes and still learn the material because they have that class flipper days a we ek. Another reason high school classes give the painting of being easy is because a person can miss school/class, not get penalized, and most of the time the teacher will go over the material the student had missed.High school is mandatory and free whereas college is voluntary and expensive. (Information for High School Students) On the other hand in college, the classes appear to be large(p). A college student cannot just brush a class off. Well, he/she can, but they will suffer from it in the long run. For instance, if someone does happen to attend class but has no intention of paying attention to the lecture, he/she is going to suffer from not being attentive and will wish he/she did pay attention because most of the time profs do not review any of the lectures or material before a test.Like high school, a college student can copy another students notes it may be slightly helpful, but not as much as if they had been in class and attentive. College classes are also hard because a person cannot really miss a class. In order to know what is going on and what assignments are going to be due, a student needs to attend every class if possible because he/she does not have the same class five days a week. In college, it is either two or three days a week and that is it. If someone does miss a class, it is very hard to catch up on what he/she missed.In high school, teachers provide you with information you missed when you were absent but in college professors expect you to get from classmates any notes from classes you missed. (The Differences High school vs College) In my opinion, missing one class in college is like missing a whole week in high school because that is how much material is covered in one class. Another topic to be compared and contrasted is note taking and teachers. in high school, the notes are given nowadays to the students by the teacher spelled out and everything.Sometimes the teacher will tell the students what to write floor in their note s from the textbooks that are given to them. The teacher will commonly tell them what to study and wait until everyone is finished writing to continue. Similarily in college sometimes a student does get one of the professors which do tell them what to write down and do write notes on the board for them, but the notes are not as vague as in high school. On the other hand, when a professor lectures, the students have to listen carefully and write downideas that seem to be importnat to them.In college, abbreviations are a key aspect because people are not going to be able to write down the professors lecture word for word, so instead they take the main ideas and write them down. Teachers, some(prenominal) in high school and college, differ in his/her own class policies. For example, both in high school and in college, you can have one teacher that is extremely skillful and will tell you what to write and study and you can also have a teacher who is not so nice and does not tell you anything and you have to kind of figure it out for yourself.The last topic in which i am going to compare and contrast is the gentle wind/environment. In highschool, a student does not really have much freedom, high school is kind of like a jail. A student has to be in class by a certain time, and if he/she is late, he/she can get in an enormous amount of trouble. For instance, if a high school walks into class five minutes late, and his/her teacher is not very nice, that student is most likely going to receive a referaal and a detention. A student in high school only has roughly two to three minutes between each class.However, in college the environment is not as strict. thither is a good amount of freedom at college. There are breaks between classes anywhere from a few minutes to a few hours. During these breaks, a person does not have to stay at school. Although there is freedom in college, likewise to high school eventhough a college student will not get a referral or detention the students professor does seem to get mad if a student is late consistentaly and will take a point or two off his/her participation and effort grade, if he/she happen to have one of those not so nice professors.(Personal Interview) Overall, there are many similarities and differences between high school and college. I found there to be more differences in my search than similarities. I say three subject matters but there are many more, such as, the tests, the people, the work, and so on. Being a college student now, if there was an opportunity for me to go dorsum and relive my high school days i would, but this time i would pay much more attention because once someone gets to college it seems to be ten times harder

A study of the social representation of war Essay

War, a reportage of the crude reality of the Afghanistan conflict started in 2001. Junger, the author and also protagonist, consent to us have it away as a US army soldier in the terriblegeologyoftheKorengal Valley. Even the soilappears to be the perfect place to host something as horrible as the Afghanistan warfare. Jungersfirst accomplishment is surely the terriblemasterpiecerepresentation of the US soldiers lives in Afghanistan. The combination of descriptive sequences and metonymic language throws the reader into the cruel battlefield whereTaliban and Americans play a slowgamethat everyone was enjoying too much to possibly bring to an end. Junger, however, doesnt sterilisehimself to the plainreportageof hisfive journeys. Hisbook succeedsat representing the sociological inter bringions that originate withinthe platoon. The men, livingin a hostileenvironmentwith passing poor living conditions, seemed to have established higher social moral values than our fraternity. The cour age, the love they feel for apiece other brings about the collective confession, described by Junger, as an addictive feature of the society of this platoon. Through the dialogues, I felt extremely surprised in noticing that those men essentially were happier than us, because, in their societalreality, the core systemwas taking care of each other. The social institutionsof the platoons imposed brotherhood andknowing that you had a family, your platoon, soldiers need wereaccomplished.I was then allowed to sympathize why the return to the normality is neer aneasy process for veterans.Given the sociological representation of war, I could not avoid the comparison betweenthe society of the platoon with our Westernised reality.Isnt it crazy in our civilized Western society, that all we seem to lack, is care for each other? Our modern society focused on our declare self-fulfillment, allows to ignore the moral calling,to withdraw from moral engagement however, in war, as Junger made me notice, nothing is taken for granted, everything is shared and everyone represents your family. If you save someone, its your duty, and accomplishing this duty takes you off from the psychological trauma of the daily atrocities of war allowing you to return to a familiar environment.I found Junger explanation of veterans traumatic return to reality very insightful.As he suggests, once you experience the caring society of the platoon, real-world seems even more hostile than war. Perhaps it is, perhaps the real battlefieldis our 21st-century society. Junger made me reflect and honor whether a hostile external environment is the only criteria where Marxscommunism principleshypothetically could work within a society as the company of each others is all military personnel have got, the creation of a reality where equality and common goals would establish the social institutions, could in turn act as a defending barrier from the external hostile environment, allowing the shared commit ment to a communist system.Junger in hisanalytical reflection(220-260) attempts to explain humanslove of war.As mentioned above, the returnto normalityseems to scare soldiers more thanthe combat itself,because there is no combat in the society. Throughouthis travels, the journalist never questions who gives us the right to be God. And if somehow we are allowed to fight for God position, as we accept that God was long gone from that Valley and the God position is vacant, are the soldiers trulyfightingonlybecause they are told to do so? Fighting means killing. Every day, it meanstaking over human lives. Junger never explores this topic in depth. He superficially justifies mens engagement intoconflict due to a physiological adrenaline addiction. bushellyI control that human nature is three-dimensional, and the analytical chapters neverexploredwhether the combat was addictive becausekilling is a joyful slaughter (Bourke, 1999). I felt that thisrelevant aspectof conflictswas creatio n avoided and it seemed like Junger maybe could not acceptour terrible human nature, our terrible love for war (Hillman, 2004). Personally, I believe that war is part of human beings and cannot be avoided, as neglecting itwould imply neglecting the human nature itself. Why do soldiers miss the good stuff?Junger superficialargumentation of addictionto adrenaline seems too weakly to support this argument. It is indeed scary, alone war is natural, and I feel confident in claiming this as empirical history shows us war constancy.Another face of this book review focuses on the consequences that I noticed on my emotional spectrum throughout the reading. My judgment vacillates betweenthe ability of Junger as a great writer and the negative implications of his writing abilityonmy emotional reaction.War further explores how easy it is to go from living to the dead (p. 85), the transcendentcondition of being on the real battleship the Koregan Valley. Jungers writing stylus leaves its mark , his climax, the vast use of short sentences to finish paragraphs and peculiarity to leave white empty space. It is here in these white wherehe allows me, the reader, to feel and imagine, and thusbring my persona intothose empty spaces this writing whattook me back into my past. Passing from one paragraph to the other, carrying a heavy shoot down of sadness, I started remembering.Anxiety made me overthinkingrendering the reading experiencenot pleasurable anymore. Junger was able to make me so engaged that I could not withdraw emotionallyanymore. Jungers great ability to describe the soldier life conditions triggered the reminiscence of my past, whereI could, to a much lesser extent, resemblethe soldiersanxious life situationwith my past 13-year-oldself. Alone in my own land, now as well, governed by war my parents, respectively the Taliban and the Americans. The gunfire, in my reality, pictured bythe lawyers, and as much as Junger, Im unable to move, sometimes unable to remember. Until now. My gear, my responsibilities, and as much as the men felt too hot, I felt too young.I al styles thought that a good book is like a good soundtrack that accompanies an as well good movie. But would the good movie create the same effect on the audience without the musical notes? The movie would still be good, but emotionally steady. What Junger is able to do in his book is allowing a natural larnment of this soundtrack throughout the entire duration of the reading travel. For me, the soundtrack were the emotions, I could feel the pain and the emotional dimension of the platoon and colligate it back to my personal experience. Could Junger have triggered a better emotional engagement, be it negative or positive?Another proof of the great ability of Junger in letting the reader assimilating the images of Afghanistan in war through his simple, emotionally detached writing style occurred when suddenly I found myself thrown into a distorted view of what we would recall as real ity. Everything, from the soil, the muffled noises, to the deprivation of light. It was a hostile environment. Chaos dominated the scene. Despair could be felt and seen by glancing at other living beings eyes. The concept of life was no longer alive. I saw myself running, without a purpose, without a destination, without knowing. I was perhaps running for not dying, maybe because fear impregnated the odor of the air. I was not running to survive. I remember falling, and there I clearly felt a fleece trespassing my climb and hitting my lung. Breathing became an unbearable painful experience. And I was lying there, alone, on that desolated land where God had possibly forgotten to visit for a long time.When the cockcrow shone my room, Iwas recollected into this world that we consider real. It took me a while to remove that negativity from my being. I remember hoping for someone to explain to me what had happened but no one of my war dream comrades was there. I could only grasp the gh ost of a memory dissolving without leaving a trace. Indeed, I had a negative emotional reaction, but this doesnt want to diminish Jungers skills.However, his emotionaldetachment,I could say, made mefeelsometimes frustrated.As the reporter, it is essential to remain detached as the sole and unique task is to report. However, I, as a reader, was looking for an emotional judgment from the author. I feltlike I couldreadthe mind of a unvoiced child, victimof an abuse,who,due to the trauma, has lost the capability of communication. And the more I was reading, the more the misunderstand was growing. Couldnt Junger express something, just a small confirmation that what was fortuity was wrong? It took me a while before understating. Only by reading chapter after chapter I was able torealize that the emotionally detached writing style adopted by Junger, was, in reality, an emotional response to the atrocities that he was subject to witness in his travels. The detachment was maybe the only w ay to survive, the only way to remind himself that the War was not his reality, that his permanence in Afghanistan was just temporary, unlike reality for the Platoon. Perhaps he also wanted to let the reader develop acritical judgment without intervening.Overall, the representation of the US soldiers life condition in Afghanistan, under a sociological and psychological viewpoint, represents the best outcome of this book. Junger proves to be able to communicate clearly what he went through and he doesnt stop here his skills overcome the simple flat reading experience and allow the reading audience to develop an emotional engagement, be this emotional reaction positive or negative. Considering what happened in Afghanistan roughly 10 years ago, and how men had to live daily, I feel grateful and lucky to have had the possibility to read this book, as the probability of a bullet hitting Jungers hypothalamus seems to have been somehow high.BibliographyBourke, J. (1999). An Intimate Histor y of Killing Face-to-face Killing in Twentieth-century Warfare. Hillman, J. (2004). A terrible love for war. New York The penguin press.

Career Motivation

Abstract c each(prenominal)ing motive is usu some(prenominal)y examined among young or mid- travel piddleers. The older fiddleer is left alone. Unfortunately, in an purlieu in which the older soulfulness represents the fastest growing segment of the labor force, this critical election is existence frittered away. Examination of actual practices insinuates a enormous portion of older proletarians atomic number 18 persuaded by their employers actions that their c argonrs are at an end. Alternatives to extend and increase this groups spirit history pauperization are discussed. Research exploring the be processes involved in successful wise manships has been lacking.In the present study, the roles of flight need explanatory factors were examined. go demand interceded the relationship between biography wise maning and performance effectiveness. contradictory to prediction, barely marginal carry was received for go self-efficacy as a mediator between mentoring and indicators of move success. Career penury is unique in that it was the send-off to reveal linkages between mentoring, calling self-efficacy and Career need. Theoretical and serviceable implications of results are discussed. Index TOPICSPAGE NO. What is Career? What is indigence? What is Career motif? ypes of Career motivations Identifying Career Motivation Example of Career Motivation buy the farmsheet Ways of Career motivation Career motivation at lay d have got References What is Career? Career is defined by the Oxford English Dictionary as a persons course or progress through and through life (or a distinct portion of life) By the late twentieth century, a wide range of choices (especially in the range of capableness professions) and more(prenominal) widespread education had allowed it to become realistic to plan (or design) a career in this respect the careers of the career counselor and of the career advisor bear grown up.It is likewise not uncommon for adult s in the late 20th/early twenty-first centuries to have dual or multiple careers, either sequentially or concurrently. Thus, professional identities have become hyphenated or hybridized to reflect this shift in recreate ethic. The progress and actions taken by a person throughout a life clock eon, especially those colligate to that persons occupations. A career is often composed of the business enterprises held, titles earned and pee accomplished over a long period of time, kind of than just referring to one position.While employees in some cultures and economies stay with one job during their career, at that place is an change magnitude trend to employees changing jobs more frequently. For example, an psyches career could involve being a lawyer, though the individual could operate on for several diverse firms and in several different areas of law over a lifetime. See also career ladder. What is motivation? Motivation is the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a in demand(p) finis and elicits, controls, and sustains certain goal directed behaviors.It deal be considered a driving force a psychological drive that compels or reinforces an action toward a desired goal. For example, hunger is a motivation that elicits a desire to eat. Motivation has been shown to have roots in physiological, behavioral, cognitive, and social areas. Internal and external factors that stimulate desire and zero in state to be continually interested and affiliated to a job, role or subject, or to distinguish an effort to construct a goal.Motivation results from the fundamental interaction of both conscious and unconscious factors such as the (1) fervency of desire or need, (2) incentive or reward value of the goal, and (3) expectations of the individual and of his or her peers. These factors are the primer coats one has for behaving a certain way. An example is a savant that spends extra time studying for a test because he or she essen tials a fall in grade in the class. What is Career Motivation? In tell to motivate yourself towards a successful and rewarding career, you need a combination of several factors to work together in your favor.These factors may include your own intake and efforts to prosper, backed by the love and inspiration of your loved ones. However, it is definitive to remember that the ultimate office of excelling in the career of your choice is yours and only you stern work towards it to make your dreams a reality. While planning for your career information, you provide also need to see and analyze your talents, qualifications and skills that ability help you in getting providential towards the path of development.Career motivations are what energize and motivate you when you entail most what you postulate to accomplish or work towards in your career. They are concrete descriptions of how you want to lodge in in your work. They are not job titles and they are not general words or phrases wish fulfillment, financial security, felicity, work/life chemical equilibrium and so on Understanding what motivates you provide help you find a career direction. It seems possible that career motivation is one factor that privy help explain the bene checks from mentoring relationships. areer motivation is theorized as being comprised of three components career resilience, career insight, and career identity . Career resiliencies the capability to adapt to changing circumstances, even when circum-stances are discouraging or disruptive. It consists of characteristics such as belief in self, leave behindingness to take risks, and need for givement. Career insights the ability to be rea itemisationic more or less ones career and consists of establishing clear, feasible career goals and realizing ones strengths and weaknesses. Career identities the extent that one defines oneself by ones work.It is associated with job, organizational, and pro-fissional involvement, n ee career motivation career motivation examined in-person and situational correlates of career commitment and found that of the variables investigated, having a mentor was the virtually robust correlate. It was suggested that mentoring increases career commitment by three means. First, mentoring facilitates self-directedness, career involvement, career success, and substantiating attitudes toward the career. Second, the mentor may demonstrate the rewards that can be attained if an individual sticks with a career.Finally, mentoring helps the development of career commitment because both the mentoring relationship and career commitment roll out around the needs and ambitions of individuals. To promote career motivation employees should be provided with positive reinforcement for good performance, given opportunities for strikement and input, and receive support for skill development support. This can be achieved by encouraging employees to think almost the long-term effects of t heir current work behavior and to develop career plans. Information about career options should be provided and rea amountic expectations cultivated.Goal setting should be go on and fair and accurate feedback provided. Finally, to heighten career motivation, work involvement should be emphasized by pro-viding job challenges, and by encouraging professional activities and opportunities for slip awayership and proficiency Supporting these suggestions, found individuals were more apt(predicate) to have racy levels of career motivation when their coach-and-four was supportive, provided clear performance feedback, encouraged subordinates to set career goals, initiated discussions related to development and career-related issues and made the job challenging.That is, man-ager mentor-like behaviors were associated with higher levels of career motivation among subordinates. In sum, the existing publications suggests a relationship between mentoring and Career motivation. surmise 1. Mentored individuals entrust have a higher level of career motivation than those who have not been mentored. Hypothesis 2a. Among those who are mentored, thither will be a positive relationship between psychosocial mentoring and Career motivation. Hypothesis 2b. Among those who are mentored, there will be a positive relationship between career mentoring and career motivation.We suggest that career motivation plays a federal agency in the relationship between mentoring and indicators of career success. It seems liable(predicate) that mentoring relates to career motivation, which in turn relates to career success. For example, capital of the United Kingdom (1983) say that one aspect of career motivation is the desire for upward mobility. He suggested individuals would establish career paths to only their advancement possibilities, request to be considered for promotions, volunteer for all chief(prenominal)(p) assignments, request and assume leadership roles, and request salary increases.London also suggested that those high in career motivation might have greater career advancement opportunities since they work harder on projects that affect their career. Career motivation behaviors have been theorized to predict pro-motions and salaries, yet only one empirical study to date has shown career motivation to be as-associated with promotions. We extend this line of research in the present study by relating career motivation with both design and subjective indicators of career success. departed studies have primarily used objective taxs such as employee income, promotion rate and job title to define career success.However, solely using objective criteria to determine success may neglect important information. For ex-ample, a managers, who appeared successful by reason of position and income, did not happen successful or soaring of their accomplishments. It is important to explore individuals appraisal of their own success because these perceptions are li kely to impact their career. Hypothesis 3. Career motivation will positively relate to objective and Subjective career success. Hypothesis 4a. Career motivation will mediate the relationship between career mentoring and career success.Hypothesis 4b. Career motivation will mediate the relationship between psychosocial mentoring and career success. There are three types of Career motivations 1. Core Career motivations Core Career motivations are what you want to spend your time doing. These include competencies (skills, knowledge and attributes) that you want to develop, specific things you want to create, or passions and causes that you want to pursue. 2. Work milieu Motivations Work environment Motivations is things that are important for you in your workplace.These include aspects of the physical environment, the work culture, the way Work is structured (e. g. hours, schedule, etc. ), and how you like to work with differents (e. g. as a leader, Support person, expert advisor, etc . ). 3. Lifestyle Motivations Lifestyle Motivations are what your career allows you to do in other areas of your life. This could include money, time, travel, relationships, and other parts that make up your work/life balance. on the whole three types are important, but your core Motivations will be most helpful in pointing in a career direction.It can take time to uncover your own Motivations, and it can be tricky to separate what you really want from what you determine you should want. Its a good idea to revisit them from time to time. Sample Motivations I want to manage information about plenty (not technical or financial) in a social service or educational setting (core Motivation) I want to design and manage service-oriented systems, processes and procedures to make systems run more expeditiously and help people (core Motivation) I want to be acknowledge for making others lives easier (core Motivation) I like being in a structured work environment where I have to respond to things that happen unexpectedly (work environment Motivation) I want to balance the time and energy I use while earning my lifetime with the time and energy I devote to my passion for militant marathon running (lifestyle Motivation) Identifying Career Motivation Follow these steps to make a list of four to sextuplet personal Career motivations 1. Step 1 Complete the Career motivation Worksheet on page 3. 2. insight a list of possible career options that includes different type of work and educational opportunities.Review your list and think about why you have chosen your options. Do they connect with the Motivations you included on the Career motivation Worksheet? Add any new insights to the worksheet. 3. Brainstorm a list of de-Motivations that describe what you dont want in your career. Reflect on your past work and educational experience. Review your list and think about the opposite of each de-Motivation. Do these opposites connect with the Motivations you included on th e worksheet? 4. Review all the statements on your worksheet and identify patterns and themes.Write a set of four to six statements that summarize your key Career motivations, and make authentic that at least three or four of your statements describe your core Motivations. Include abundant level to be meaningful. Dont worry if some of your Motivations conflict with one another, or if theyre not realistic right nowits all part of the journey. Example of Career Motivation worksheet What are your interests? cast the following interests in hunting lodge of their importance to you. running(a) with things, numbers and objects ________ Contact with people ________ Working with machines ________ Working with animals or plants ________ Working to improve social conditions ________ Detailed, organized, routine work ________ Studying people or communicating ideas ________ Scientific or technical work ________ Directing or organizing ________ Abstract and creative work ________ W orking on or producing things ________ at present use your rankings to answer these questions 1. What interests and activities energize you? ________________________________________________________________ 2. What are the skills that you really revere using? _______________________________________________________________ 3. What kinds of activities engage you so completely that you get wrapped up in them and dawdle track of time? 4. What kinds of subject or knowledge areas are you drawn to? ________________________________________________________________ 5. What are the first 2 or 3 sections that you head for when you go to the bookstore? ________________________________________________________________ What are your passions or causes? 1. What causes do you get excited about? ________________________________________________________________ 2.Where is the juice or spark when you think about your career? ________________________________________________________________ 3. If you we re independently wealthy, had done everything you precious to do in price of travel/leisure and had the measure support, understanding and acceptance of your family and friends, what would you choose to do with your time? 4. What would you do if you knew (and were 100% guaranteed) that you would not give? What type of work environment do you want? Rank the following work environments in lay of their importance to you. Setting your own schedule ________ Influencing peoples opinions, attitudes or actions ________ Variety with many changing duties ________ Working under nerve-wracking situations ________ Making decisions based on personal judgment ________ Knowing exactly what is expected of me ________ pickings responsibility- being in control ________ Work requiring precision ________ freely expressing ideas and emotions ________ Making decisions based on facts ________ Working closely with people ________ Working alone ________ at a time use your rankings to answer these questions 1. How do you see yourself working with others (e. . leader, support person, expert advisor, etc. )? 2. What type of people would you work rise with, and how would you work with them? ________________________________________________________________ 3. What places and environments make you feel engaged and energized? 4. What type of organization would you like to be part of? ________________________________________________________________ What type of lifestyle do you want? 1. What does your career need to provide you with in terms of money and time commitment so that it will fit with and support the other important aspects of your life? _________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2. What kind of income do you have to have in order to support the kind of life that you want to demonstrate? ________________________________________________________________ 3. How much time are you w illing to devote to your career so that it balances with the rest of your life? ________________________________________________________ Ways of Career motivation Motivation Through RelationshipsThe people who love and care for you can make a great difference in your life in motivating and inspiring you towards a better career. virtually of your closest relationships may work as a base of all your career improvements. These relationships might be the best and only reason for which you want to keep ahead in your career and do well to provide absolute security and happiness to your family. It is the care and concern that you share in these relationships that might encourage you to achieve your career goals, which in turn helps you to provide the best of everything to your loved ones.Motivation Through unfilled You leisure time activities and associations can also help you in motivating yourself towards your career. It is important to interact with different kinds of people coming f rom different walks of life and professions. You also need to participate in the hobbies and activities that you revel so that your recreational requirements are also fulfilled. These activities help you unwind from a long day or a weekly routine and will keep you motivated when you are planning your career.Your entire personality needs to be taken care of in order to motivate yourself. Lack of relaxation and recreation may lead you towards boredom and depression, which in turn can diminish your zeal and energy levels. Motivation From Peers angiotensin converting enzyme of the best ways to motivate yourself towards a great career may come from your present workplace itself. Attending seminars, conferences and meetings can help you in getting many professional contacts such as career counselors, donnish professionals, supervisors and people with similar interests and career objectives.In the process, you may gain invaluable resources and advice from masterminds that might motiv ate you to a great extent. Seeing other people with the same or similar educational backgrounds and qualifications in higher positions can further motivate you to improve your own career prospects through sharing knowledge and ideas with them about how you can go about it. Just knowing that you have a great network of resource pool can be sufficient to motivate you. Motivation From Your Mentor Your personal mentor can be the most important person who can motivate you so that you achieve your career objectives.A good mentor can be your friend, philosopher and guide to direct you towards the road of success. A mentor will not only coach you and provide critical advice to support you in your endeavors, but will also introduce you with useful contacts and the right people to further rush along your career development process. The mentor can also measure your success and failure aspects and alter your action plan accordly. Career motivation at work 1. Clarify your goals Nothing is more demotivating than working haphazardly without having a clear resource, accusation and set of objectives for your work.Without a clear imagery and knowledge of how your work impacts the astronomical picture you may well end up expending a lot of time on urgent unimportant matters rater than tasks that positively impact the monumental picture. Clarify in no uncertain terms your vision, mission and objectives and focus on them beginning eer with the end in mind. It is take downable what you will achieve once you have honed in on your precise goals and can focus on them and visualize yourself achieving them. 2. Establish a clear game-plan for achieving your goalsOnce you have clarified your vision and goals, formulate a detailed strategy for getting there and chart your progress on a regular and ongoing basis. Break down large complex projects into a series of manageable tasks that are raise and achievable. Having a blueprint for success that is composed of clear, sensible mil estones and achievable interesting tasks will greatly simplify and lend meaning to your daily routine and will also give you a feeling of control over your work and deadlines which largely boosts motivation.The more organized you are and can focus and adhere to accomplishing your goals according to your detailed blueprint for success, the more motivated you will be and the less likely you are to fall into a fit of panic or jeopardy and lose confidence and motivation. 3. Ride the Wave of your Successes Success is very stimulating. Work hard enough to achieve successful results and see how motivated you are to achieve further successes as you excel in your performance. Work hard, aim to overachieve your goals and ride the pulsing of each success to achieve further successes.Remind yourself that once your vision is clear and you have a set of well-defined, reasonable objectives and milestones to reach, the secret of success is hard work, creative thinking and perseverance. Aim to ride the wave of each success to further the next success and channel the positive energy to achieving similar superlative performance in your next task or project. It is not always that you can ride the wave of euphoria that arises from a sound success story so make sure you leverage and take advantage of these bursts of energy and motivation to the extent possible. . Reward yourself Reward yourself as you achieve your objectives and/or reach specific important milestones. Plan ahead what forms this reward will take and what tasks/projects/results will be rewarded. This will give you something to check forward to, extra drive to get there and a surge of excitement and enthusiasm when you do attain your desired goals. 5. Keep Things in Perspective It is important to keep things in perspective and always move yourself of why you work.Beside the pay, it is often about realizing your potential, feeling brisk and useful, feeling connected, making a difference in the world, expressing cre ativity, expanding your skills and abilities, helping others and contributing to the community. List the reasons you entered the champaign you are in and when times are tough remind yourself of why you do the work you do. Also remind yourself that work is work and that you have a life outside of work to look forward to, enjoy and make a difference in. 6. Maintain a healthy work/life balance It is very easy to lose yourself at work and forget what awaits you outside of the work arena.Maintaining a healthy work/life balance is essential both for your general motivation level and your overall wellbeing. Make sure you take the time to do the things you like to do outside of work whether it be connecting with friends and family, exercising, reading, fetching courses, shopping or other hobbies and activities that channel your creativity and energy. Having something to look forward to after work will see you through moments of drudgery at work when your motivation and energy levels are not as high as they could be and will also make you more productive at work. . hark back positive Negativity is a contagious affliction that drains you of energy, slows you down, saps your enthusiasm and blinds you to the reasons you work. Avoid negative feelings at all costs and concentrate on the positive. To do this, beware to motivational tapes, to music that particularly inspires you, read motivational books, let out to inspired or inspiring people, surround yourself with positive stimuli and concentrate on the reasons you work. Find things to caper at as long as you are not laughing at your peers and count your blessings at every opportunity.Focus on positives regardless of how small or inconsequential they are whether it be a positive remark from a boss or peer, accomplishing your days goals earlier than usual, overachieving on a small deliverable, working well with people, a looming vacation, completing a difficult task or any other positive stimulus. REFERENCES Business dictionary. com http//www. streetdirectory. com Wikipedia https//passport. baidu. com Worldpress. com R. Day, T. D. Allen / Journal of Vocational Behavior (2003) (Colarelli & Bishop, 1990).London and colleagues (London, 1990 London & Bray, 1984 London & Mone,1987) several suggestions as to how to develop, support and enhance career motivation. Noe, Noe, and Bachhuber (1990) bind (Dreher & Ash, 1990 Orpen, 1995 Scandura, 1992 Whitely, Dougherty, & Dreher, 1991) obligate www. careercast. com library. educationworld. ne (London & Bray, 1984). Career motivation can also be enhanced through career 2 R. Day, T. D. Allen / Journal of Vocational Behavior (2003) Article in press (London & Mone, 1987). Article in pressCareer MotivationAbstract Career Motivation is usually examined among young or mid-career workers. The older worker is left alone. Unfortunately, in an environment in which the older person represents the fastest growing segment of the labor force, this critical resource is b eing frittered away. Examination of current practices suggests a large portion of older workers are persuaded by their employers actions that their careers are at an end. Alternatives to extend and increase this groups Career motivation are discussed. Research exploring the underlying processes involved in successful mentorships has been lacking.In the present study, the roles of Career motivation explanatory factors were examined. Career motivation mediated the relationship between career mentoring and performance effectiveness. Contrary to prediction, only marginal support was received for career self-efficacy as a mediator between mentoring and indicators of career success. Career motivation is unique in that it was the first to reveal linkages between mentoring, career self-efficacy and Career motivation. Theoretical and practical implications of results are discussed. Index TOPICSPAGE NO. What is Career? What is motivation? What is Career Motivation? ypes of Career motivations Identifying Career Motivation Example of Career Motivation worksheet Ways of Career motivation Career motivation at work References What is Career? Career is defined by the Oxford English Dictionary as a persons course or progress through life (or a distinct portion of life) By the late 20th century, a wide range of choices (especially in the range of potential professions) and more widespread education had allowed it to become possible to plan (or design) a career in this respect the careers of the career counselor and of the career advisor have grown up.It is also not uncommon for adults in the late 20th/early 21st centuries to have dual or multiple careers, either sequentially or concurrently. Thus, professional identities have become hyphenated or hybridized to reflect this shift in work ethic. The progress and actions taken by a person throughout a lifetime, especially those related to that persons occupations. A career is often composed of the jobs held, titles earned and work accomplished over a long period of time, rather than just referring to one position.While employees in some cultures and economies stay with one job during their career, there is an increasing trend to employees changing jobs more frequently. For example, an individuals career could involve being a lawyer, though the individual could work for several different firms and in several different areas of law over a lifetime. See also career ladder. What is motivation? Motivation is the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal and elicits, controls, and sustains certain goal directed behaviors.It can be considered a driving force a psychological drive that compels or reinforces an action toward a desired goal. For example, hunger is a motivation that elicits a desire to eat. Motivation has been shown to have roots in physiological, behavioral, cognitive, and social areas. Internal and external factors that stimulate desire and energy in people to be continually interested and committed to a job, role or subject, or to make an effort to attain a goal.Motivation results from the interaction of both conscious and unconscious factors such as the (1) intensity of desire or need, (2) incentive or reward value of the goal, and (3) expectations of the individual and of his or her peers. These factors are the reasons one has for behaving a certain way. An example is a student that spends extra time studying for a test because he or she wants a better grade in the class. What is Career Motivation? In order to motivate yourself towards a successful and rewarding career, you need a combination of several factors to work together in your favor.These factors may include your own ambition and efforts to prosper, backed by the love and inspiration of your loved ones. However, it is important to remember that the ultimate responsibility of excelling in the career of your choice is yours and only you can work towards it to make your dreams a rea lity. While planning for your career development, you will also need to understand and analyze your talents, qualifications and skills that might help you in getting inspired towards the path of development.Career motivations are what energize and motivate you when you think about what you want to accomplish or work towards in your career. They are concrete descriptions of how you want to engage in your work. They are not job titles and they are not general words or phrases like fulfillment, financial security, happiness, work/life balance etc. Understanding what motivates you can help you find a career direction. It seems possible that career motivation is one factor that can help explain the benefits from mentoring relationships. areer motivation is theorized as being comprised of three components career resilience, career insight, and career identity . Career resiliencies the ability to adapt to changing circumstances, even when circum-stances are discouraging or disruptive. It c onsists of characteristics such as belief in self, willingness to take risks, and need for achievement. Career insights the ability to be realistic about ones career and consists of establishing clear, feasible career goals and realizing ones strengths and weaknesses. Career identities the extent that one defines oneself by ones work.It is associated with job, organizational, and pro-fissional involvement, nee career motivation career motivation examined personal and situational correlates of career commitment and found that of the variables investigated, having a mentor was the most robust correlate. It was suggested that mentoring increases career commitment by three means. First, mentoring facilitates self-directedness, career involvement, career success, and positive attitudes toward the career. Second, the mentor may demonstrate the rewards that can be attained if an individual sticks with a career.Finally, mentoring helps the development of career commitment because both the m entoring relationship and career commitment revolve around the needs and ambitions of individuals. To promote career motivation employees should be provided with positive reinforcement for good performance, given opportunities for achievement and input, and receive support for skill development support. This can be achieved by encouraging employees to think about the long-term effects of their current work behavior and to develop career plans. Information about career options should be provided and realistic expectations cultivated.Goal setting should be encouraged and fair and accurate feedback provided. Finally, to heighten career motivation, work involvement should be emphasized by pro-viding job challenges, and by encouraging professional activities and opportunities for leadership and advancement Supporting these suggestions, found individuals were more likely to have high levels of career motivation when their manager was supportive, provided clear performance feedback, encour aged subordinates to set career goals, initiated discussions related to development and career-related issues and made the job challenging.That is, man-ager mentor-like behaviors were associated with higher levels of career motivation among subordinates. In sum, the existing literature suggests a relationship between mentoring and Career motivation. Hypothesis 1. Mentored individuals will have a higher level of career motivation than those who have not been mentored. Hypothesis 2a. Among those who are mentored, there will be a positive relationship between psychosocial mentoring and Career motivation. Hypothesis 2b. Among those who are mentored, there will be a positive relationship between career mentoring and career motivation.We suggest that career motivation plays a part in the relationship between mentoring and indicators of career success. It seems likely that mentoring relates to career motivation, which in turn relates to career success. For example, London (1983) stated tha t one aspect of career motivation is the desire for upward mobility. He suggested individuals would establish career paths to further their advancement possibilities, request to be considered for promotions, volunteer for important assignments, request and assume leadership roles, and request salary increases.London also suggested that those high in career motivation might have greater career advancement opportunities since they work harder on projects that affect their career. Career motivation behaviors have been theorized to predict pro-motions and salaries, yet only one empirical study to date has shown career motivation to be as-associated with promotions. We extend this line of research in the present study by relating career motivation with both objective and subjective indicators of career success. Past studies have primarily used objective measures such as employee income, promotion rate and job title to define career success.However, solely using objective criteria to dete rmine success may neglect important information. For ex-ample, a managers, who appeared successful by reason of position and income, did not feel successful or proud of their accomplishments. It is important to explore individuals appraisal of their own success because these perceptions are likely to impact their career. Hypothesis 3. Career motivation will positively relate to objective and Subjective career success. Hypothesis 4a. Career motivation will mediate the relationship between career mentoring and career success.Hypothesis 4b. Career motivation will mediate the relationship between psychosocial mentoring and career success. There are three types of Career motivations 1. Core Career motivations Core Career motivations are what you want to spend your time doing. These include competencies (skills, knowledge and attributes) that you want to develop, specific things you want to create, or passions and causes that you want to pursue. 2. Work environment Motivations Work enviro nment Motivations is things that are important for you in your workplace.These include aspects of the physical environment, the work culture, the way Work is structured (e. g. hours, schedule, etc. ), and how you like to work with others (e. g. as a leader, Support person, expert advisor, etc. ). 3. Lifestyle Motivations Lifestyle Motivations are what your career allows you to do in other areas of your life. This could include money, time, travel, relationships, and other parts that make up your work/life balance. All three types are important, but your core Motivations will be most helpful in pointing in a career direction.It can take time to uncover your own Motivations, and it can be tricky to separate what you really want from what you feel you should want. Its a good idea to revisit them from time to time. Sample Motivations I want to manage information about people (not technical or financial) in a social service or educational setting (core Motivation) I want to design and manage service-oriented systems, processes and procedures to make systems run more efficiently and help people (core Motivation) I want to be recognized for making others lives easier (core Motivation) I like being in a structured work environment where I have to respond to things that happen unexpectedly (work environment Motivation) I want to balance the time and energy I use while earning my living with the time and energy I devote to my passion for competitive marathon running (lifestyle Motivation) Identifying Career Motivation Follow these steps to make a list of four to six personal Career motivations 1. Step 1 Complete the Career motivation Worksheet on page 3. 2. Brainstorm a list of possible career options that includes different type of work and educational opportunities.Review your list and think about why you have chosen your options. Do they connect with the Motivations you included on the Career motivation Worksheet? Add any new insights to the worksheet. 3. Brainst orm a list of de-Motivations that describe what you dont want in your career. Reflect on your past work and educational experience. Review your list and think about the opposite of each de-Motivation. Do these opposites connect with the Motivations you included on the worksheet? 4. Review all the statements on your worksheet and identify patterns and themes.Write a set of four to six statements that summarize your key Career motivations, and make sure that at least three or four of your statements describe your core Motivations. Include enough detail to be meaningful. Dont worry if some of your Motivations conflict with one another, or if theyre not realistic right nowits all part of the journey. Example of Career Motivation worksheet What are your interests? Rank the following interests in order of their importance to you. Working with things, numbers and objects ________ Contact with people ________ Working with machines ________ Working with animals or plants ________ Working to improve social conditions ________ Detailed, organized, routine work ________ Studying people or communicating ideas ________ Scientific or technical work ________ Directing or organizing ________ Abstract and creative work ________ Working on or producing things ________ Now use your rankings to answer these questions 1. What interests and activities energize you? ________________________________________________________________ 2. What are the skills that you really enjoy using? _______________________________________________________________ 3. What kinds of activities engage you so completely that you get wrapped up in them and lose track of time? 4. What kinds of subject or knowledge areas are you drawn to? ________________________________________________________________ 5. What are the first 2 or 3 sections that you head for when you go to the bookstore? ________________________________________________________________ What are your passions or causes? 1. What causes do you get excited about? ________________________________________________________________ 2.Where is the juice or spark when you think about your career? ________________________________________________________________ 3. If you were independently wealthy, had done everything you wanted to do in terms of travel/leisure and had the total support, understanding and acceptance of your family and friends, what would you choose to do with your time? 4. What would you do if you knew (and were 100% guaranteed) that you would not fail? What type of work environment do you want? Rank the following work environments in order of their importance to you. Setting your own schedule ________ Influencing peoples opinions, attitudes or actions ________ Variety with many changing duties ________ Working under stressful situations ________ Making decisions based on personal judgment ________ Knowing exactly what is expected of me ________ Taking responsibility- being in control ________ Work req uiring precision ________ Freely expressing ideas and emotions ________ Making decisions based on facts ________ Working closely with people ________ Working alone ________ Now use your rankings to answer these questions 1. How do you see yourself working with others (e. . leader, support person, expert advisor, etc. )? 2. What type of people would you work well with, and how would you work with them? ________________________________________________________________ 3. What places and environments make you feel engaged and energized? 4. What type of organization would you like to be part of? ________________________________________________________________ What type of lifestyle do you want? 1. What does your career need to provide you with in terms of money and time commitment so that it will fit with and support the other important aspects of your life? _________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____ 2. What kind of income do you have to have in order to support the kind of life that you want to build? ________________________________________________________________ 3. How much time are you willing to devote to your career so that it balances with the rest of your life? ________________________________________________________ Ways of Career motivation Motivation Through RelationshipsThe people who love and care for you can make a great difference in your life in motivating and inspiring you towards a better career. Some of your closest relationships may work as a base of all your career improvements. These relationships might be the best and only reason for which you want to move ahead in your career and do well to provide absolute security and happiness to your family. It is the care and concern that you share in these relationships that might encourage you to achieve your career goals, which in turn helps you to provide the best of everything to your loved ones.Motivatio n Through Leisure You leisure time activities and associations can also help you in motivating yourself towards your career. It is important to interact with different kinds of people coming from different walks of life and professions. You also need to participate in the hobbies and activities that you enjoy so that your recreational requirements are also fulfilled. These activities help you unwind from a long day or a weekly routine and will keep you motivated when you are planning your career.Your entire personality needs to be taken care of in order to motivate yourself. Lack of relaxation and recreation may lead you towards boredom and depression, which in turn can diminish your enthusiasm and energy levels. Motivation From Peers One of the best ways to motivate yourself towards a great career may come from your present workplace itself. Attending seminars, conferences and meetings can help you in acquiring many professional contacts such as career counselors, academic professi onals, supervisors and people with similar interests and career objectives.In the process, you may gain invaluable resources and advice from masterminds that might motivate you to a great extent. Seeing other people with the same or similar educational backgrounds and qualifications in higher positions can further motivate you to improve your own career prospects through sharing knowledge and ideas with them about how you can go about it. Just knowing that you have a great network of resource pool can be sufficient to motivate you. Motivation From Your Mentor Your personal mentor can be the most important person who can motivate you so that you achieve your career objectives.A good mentor can be your friend, philosopher and guide to direct you towards the road of success. A mentor will not only coach you and provide critical advice to support you in your endeavors, but will also introduce you with useful contacts and the right people to further expedite your career development proce ss. The mentor can also measure your success and failure aspects and alter your action plan accordingly. Career motivation at work 1. Clarify your goals Nothing is more demotivating than working haphazardly without having a clear vision, mission and set of objectives for your work.Without a clear vision and knowledge of how your work impacts the big picture you may well end up spending a lot of time on urgent unimportant matters rater than tasks that positively impact the big picture. Clarify in no uncertain terms your vision, mission and objectives and focus on them beginning always with the end in mind. It is remarkable what you will achieve once you have honed in on your precise goals and can focus on them and visualize yourself achieving them. 2. Establish a clear game-plan for achieving your goalsOnce you have clarified your vision and goals, formulate a detailed strategy for getting there and chart your progress on a regular and ongoing basis. Break down large complex projects into a series of manageable tasks that are interesting and achievable. Having a blueprint for success that is composed of clear, sensible milestones and achievable interesting tasks will greatly simplify and lend meaning to your daily routine and will also give you a feeling of control over your work and deadlines which largely boosts motivation.The more organized you are and can focus and adhere to accomplishing your goals according to your detailed blueprint for success, the more motivated you will be and the less likely you are to fall into a fit of panic or insecurity and lose confidence and motivation. 3. Ride the Wave of your Successes Success is very stimulating. Work hard enough to achieve successful results and see how motivated you are to achieve further successes as you excel in your performance. Work hard, aim to overachieve your goals and ride the momentum of each success to achieve further successes.Remind yourself that once your vision is clear and you have a set of well-defined, reasonable objectives and milestones to reach, the secret of success is hard work, creativity and perseverance. Aim to ride the wave of each success to further the next success and channel the positive energy to achieving similar superlative performance in your next task or project. It is not always that you can ride the wave of euphoria that arises from a sound success story so make sure you leverage and take advantage of these bursts of energy and motivation to the extent possible. . Reward yourself Reward yourself as you achieve your objectives and/or reach specific important milestones. Plan ahead what forms this reward will take and what tasks/projects/results will be rewarded. This will give you something to look forward to, extra drive to get there and a surge of excitement and enthusiasm when you do attain your desired goals. 5. Keep Things in Perspective It is important to keep things in perspective and always remind yourself of why you work.Beside the pay, it is often about realizing your potential, feeling alive and useful, feeling connected, making a difference in the world, expressing creativity, expanding your skills and abilities, helping others and contributing to the community. List the reasons you entered the field you are in and when times are tough remind yourself of why you do the work you do. Also remind yourself that work is work and that you have a life outside of work to look forward to, enjoy and make a difference in. 6. Maintain a healthy work/life balance It is very easy to lose yourself at work and forget what awaits you outside of the work arena.Maintaining a healthy work/life balance is essential both for your general motivation level and your overall wellbeing. Make sure you take the time to do the things you like to do outside of work whether it be connecting with friends and family, exercising, reading, taking courses, shopping or other hobbies and activities that channel your creativity and energy. Having someth ing to look forward to after work will see you through moments of drudgery at work when your motivation and energy levels are not as high as they could be and will also make you more productive at work. . Think positive Negativity is a contagious affliction that drains you of energy, slows you down, saps your enthusiasm and blinds you to the reasons you work. Avoid negative feelings at all costs and concentrate on the positive. To do this, listen to motivational tapes, to music that particularly inspires you, read motivational books, talk to inspired or inspiring people, surround yourself with positive stimuli and concentrate on the reasons you work. Find things to laugh at as long as you are not laughing at your peers and count your blessings at every opportunity.Focus on positives regardless of how small or inconsequential they are whether it be a positive remark from a boss or peer, accomplishing your days goals earlier than usual, overachieving on a small deliverable, working we ll with people, a looming vacation, completing a difficult task or any other positive stimulus. REFERENCES Business dictionary. com http//www. streetdirectory. com Wikipedia https//passport. baidu. com Worldpress. com R. Day, T. D. Allen / Journal of Vocational Behavior (2003) (Colarelli & Bishop, 1990).London and colleagues (London, 1990 London & Bray, 1984 London & Mone,1987) several suggestions as to how to develop, support and enhance career motivation. Noe, Noe, and Bachhuber (1990) article (Dreher & Ash, 1990 Orpen, 1995 Scandura, 1992 Whitely, Dougherty, & Dreher, 1991) Article www. careercast. com library. educationworld. ne (London & Bray, 1984). Career motivation can also be enhanced through career 2 R. Day, T. D. Allen / Journal of Vocational Behavior (2003) Article in press (London & Mone, 1987). Article in press